The Phenomenon Of American Dream - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1032 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/25 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: American Dream Essay The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a novel that aims to express a critic regarding the American dream in the 1920s which turned into an age of extreme prosperity and materialism. The author portrays this era as a time where social and moral values decayed into cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure; a period where easy money and relaxed social values reigned. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Phenomenon Of American Dream" essay for you Create order The corruption of the American dream, where the desire for pleasure and money became greater than the more noble goals, is what led the character of Jay Gatsby to host exuberant parties every Saturday night in his mansion. Before the 1920s womens main role in their lives was to take care of their husbands and children, but in the novel we can see that they become more interested in themselves and their place in society becoming unfaithful towards their families. Women in the novel are portrayed in a negative light to represent the corruption of the American dream. The two main female characters, Daisy Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, are represented as unfaithful, materialistic, dependent on men and, at the same time, objects of desire for them. Both depicted as unfaithful and materialistic. Daisy Buchanan, wife to Tom Buchanan, is the woman Gatsby has always been in love with. The two had a relationship when they were younger, but, the war forced Gatsby to separate from her. Despite this, Daisy promised him that once he returned, they would be together, however, she doesnt maintain her commitment and gets involved with another man. When Gatsby suddenly reappears in her life, she becomes interested in him again as he has now become wealthy and is part of the nouveau riche. Gatsby knows Daisy is interested in his money therefore, he takes her to his mansion to show her all of his properties. Theyre such beautiful shirts, she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. ?It makes me sad because Ive never seen such beautiful shirts before (Pg. 92). In this scene, the real essence of Daisys character is exposed as she starts crying for materialistic goods. Fitzgerald wants to show that this behavior is not only typical of higher class women but it applies to all which is why Myrtle Wilson, who pertains to the working class, is portrayed in the same way. She is married to George Wilson, however, she feels unhappy about her relationship with him because they are poor, therefore, she decides to have an affair with Tom Buchanan who is of a higher social status. The only crazy I was was when I married him. I knew right away I made a mistake. He borrowed somebodys best suit to get married in, and never told me about it, and the man came after it one day when he was out. (Pg. 35). In these words, we can clearly see the importance she attributes to physical objects over pure feelings. She is also represented as a fool in that what she saw in Tom was a man who gave her lavish gifts because he was in love with her but really, he was just using her. Although in the 1920s women had just been given the right to vote, the author chooses to depict their continuous dependence on men. Daisy is represented as a woman who is not capable of staying by herself. When Gatsby leaves to fight in the war, Daisy settles in with Tom because she needed a man by her side and was tired of waiting for him. She is financially provided by Tom and dependent on his social status. Her idea of the role of women in the world is cynical as in her eyes, women have no place in this world to be intelligent, only beautiful and stupid which is why she is disappointed when she finds out she is going to have a girl. I hope shell be a fool thats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool (Pg. 17). As we can see here, she embodies the values of irresponsibility and detachment in her treatment of her daughter, showing how she has become careless and how the role of women in society has changed. In the same way, Myrtle is dependent on Tom. He is her source of happiness because he can give her the wealth and social status that she has always dreamed of which Wilson will never be able to obtain. Even when Tom abuses her and slaps her, she stays with him and tries to go back to him for the sake of his money. Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand. (Pg. 37) Myrtle is yet again submitted by men when she is locked in her room by Wilson which portrays how men had control and power over their wives. In regard to women being an object of desire for men, Daisy Buchanan is the character that best embodies this attribute as Tom and Gatsby constantly attempt to win her over. When the two men are fighting, Daisy isnt given the opportunity to speak and express her feelings. Your wife doesnt love you, said Gatsby. Shes never loved you. She loves me. She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved anyone except me! (Pg. 130). Through the entire novel Gatsby and Tom fight for Daisy because she is beautiful. It is interesting to see that even though Myrtle is not even remotely as appealing as Daisy, Tom still desires her and is able to obtain her with his money. As we saw though the characters of Daisy Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, women of a high and low social status are both depicted as unfaithful, materialistic and dependent on men. The reason why the author decides to emphasize these negative aspects about the women at the time is to represent how this social group was affected by the fall of the American dream. Corrupted social norms had repercussions on the individuals who abandoned their established role in society and became careless.

Good vs. Evil - 1659 Words

Good Vs. Evil In Beowulf, the conflict between good and evil is the poem s main and most important aspect. The poet makes it clear that good and evil doesn’t exist as only opposites, but that both qualities are present in everyone. Beowulf represents the ability to do good or to perform acts selflessly and in help of others. Goodness is also showed throughout this epic as having the ability to cleanse evil. Even though evil is presented by Grendel, Grendel s mother, and the dragon, who are filled with a desire to act against people and ultimately destroy them, even pride, a human quality, is presented in Beowulf as a sign that evil exists. This story might even be considered a classic because it mainly talks about the old fashion†¦show more content†¦He often talked about his accomplishments saying, â€Å"They had seen me bolstered in the blood of enemies when I battled and bound five beasts, raided a troll-nest and in the night- sea slaughtered sea-brutes.† (Beowulf 419-42 2), which shows how good can also be a bit proud. In the end, though, most of the time good will always defeat evil but good won’t always stay alive. For example, in the end of Beowulf, although Grendel was killed by Beowulf as well as his mother, Beowulf still dies. In other words, just because evil is defeated doesn’t mean good will always live. On a different but similar note, is Grendel s mother, who is seen as vengeful. Different, because she isn t the same type of evil that Grendel is, but similar because she is still an opponent to both men and the society of man at the time that Beowulf was written, or rather, spoken. Also, Grendel s mother is tainted in the opposite way that Grendel is; while Grendel is given a humanistic point of view, people try to dehumanize Grendel s mother. While she is indeed just as evil as Grendel was, she does not represent the utter evil that man must fight to achieve immortality. She is a symbol of defiance of man, but she can be seen as more of a neutral symbol. Grendel s mother doesn t attack Heorot because she doesn t like it. She attacks it because Beowulf killed her only son, But now his mother had sallied forth on a savage journey, grief-racked andShow MoreRelatedEvil Vs. Good And Evil1055 Words   |  5 PagesEvil vs. Good-Which One Shall Gain Control? Good and evil are a contradiction that works together. What I mean by this statement is that although good and evil are two very separate things, they could not exist without each other. Good is anything of which can be morally right. Evil is anything of profound wickedness. They are very different, aren’t they? Now, read a newspaper, listen to a story, or turn on the news. It is not definite, but you most likely will hear about an occurrenceRead MoreGood Vs Evil Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe area between good and evil are muddled with uncertainty and dualistic outcomes. Christopher Marlowe’s complex play, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, implores readers to evaluate the theological concepts of good versus evil. This play tells a story of an educated man who signs a deal with the devil in order to be on the same level as a God. Through this journey, Faustus fights with himself over the implications of his actions and becomes scared of his impending damnation. Despite a breachRead MoreGood Vs Evil In Beowulf714 Words   |  3 Pageshuman kind’s existence, there has forces of good and evil. From childhood, it is instilled within us that we must always strive to have a disposition that that denotes good manner. 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English literature often tends to concern itself more and more with the intended meanings of the work through common stories of good and evil those are holding specific symbolic meanings, whether these meanings represent good or evil, the readers continueRead MoreGood vs. Evil - Lord of the Flies807 Words   |  4 PagesGood vs. Evil Star Wars, Superman, James Bond—all of these are stories which chronicle the ever-present warfare between good and evil. What exactly is good? How does one describe evil? The answers to these questions are highly subjective, and could be debated for years on end without ever reaching a final conclusion. However, it is widely agreed that each person is inherently born with two sides; one of which is good, the other evil. It is this sense of inherent good and evil in all of us thatRead MoreThe Ultimate Battle Of Good Vs Evil1987 Words   |  8 Pages2015 The Ultimate battle of Good vs Evil in Beowulf The story of Beowulf involves a man who accomplishes many unbelievable feats. These feats help to save the Danes from evil beasts. The idea of good and evil opposing one another has been a topic for discussion since man’s existence. This idea is seen all around us in movies (Superheroes vs Villains), the world (ISIS), and religion (God is good, Satan is evil). The story of Beowulf is has the theme of good versus evil imbedded into it also. BeowulfRead MoreGood Vs. Evil : How Do People Become Evil?1527 Words   |  7 PagesBoris Hennig PHL 201 February 22, 2015 Good vs. Evil: How do People Become Evil? Through the centuries, the words ‘good’ and ‘evil’ have been used extensively to describe certain things or situations. The subject of good versus evil is one that often causes great debate as the two terms are not facts, but entirely subjective. When people are born, we presume they are innocent, because as infants they are not capable of carrying out actions that are evil, or good. They are a clean slate, and as timeRead MoreGood vs. Evil in â€Å"a Good Man Is Hard to Find† Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesGood vs. Evil in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O’Connor shows her readers a realistic look at their own mortality in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† The story is about a family of five, a father, mother, grandmother, and two children, starting out on a vacation to Florida from Georgia. The family, on their way to a routine vacation, takes a detour that will change their lives forever. Through the use of literary elements like symbolism and characterization, O’Connor creates a theme ofRead MoreThematic Message: Good vs. Evil1546 Words   |  7 Pagestreated with inclusive human dignity and be affected by good aspects rather than deleterious behavior. In addition to both novels, â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† share the same concurrent theme. To Kill a Mockingbird and The Grapes of Wrath and â€Å"Suffering with Them†, â€Å"Evil’s Fate†, and â€Å"To Hope† illustrate a synonymous, thematic message that evil’s inhumanity, during corrupt times, induces a perception of hopefulness for good to conquer immorality. Harper Lee, the author of ToRead More Theme of Good vs. Evil in â€Å"Sweat† Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthe South that clutches on to her belief in God to help her get through the suffering that she endures from her abusive and adulterous husband, Sykes. â€Å"Sweat† is full of religious symbolism that demonstrates that Hurston was using the theme of good vs. evil in the short story. In the very beginning of â€Å"Sweat† one can see that Delia possesses a very strong work ethic, by the way that she is working vigorously to wash the clothes for the white people that she worked for to put food on the table and

Market Structure of Australia †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Market Structure of Australia. Answer: Introduction There is the presence of different types of market structure in the Australian economy. The important structure that dominates is the oligopoly form of the structure. In an oligopoly type of market there are mainly a handful number of firms who are dominating the market. Duopoly is a special form of oligopoly. The Australian retain supermarket is dominated by the duopoly. The duopoly firms who control the market of retail are Woolworths and Coles. The competition that is faced by the firm imperfect and both produces homogenous products. The interest tends to vary with respect to two types of variables for the firm. In first case, the price set by the firms and the quantity that is produced by each of the firms. A huge share is controlled by the firms in the market for a particular type of product (Baumol, and Blinder 2015). Among all the forms of the market, there is less number of firms who are monopolistic. The characteristic of monopolistic market structure is that there are a lar ge number of buyers and sellers of the product. In this particular essay, recent newspaper articles are used for the analysis of the duopoly market of Australias supermarket industry. Duopoly Super Market Industry: When there are only two types of firms holding the market then it represents a duopoly market. The features of oligopoly are similar to that duopoly structure. In the article by the Sydney Morning Herald, there has been a reviewing of the law of demand and the supply of Coles, the dominant firm in the Australian super market. There are large number of consumer power concentrated in the hands of the Coles and Woolworths. These giant super markets they are facing a tough competition from the low cost large firms of the overseas i.e. Aldi from Germany and Costco from the United States. The expansion is getting rapid than never before. This provides the hint that the super market of Australia is getting competitive which is a very beneficial factor for the customers but the seasoned sellers Coles and Woolworths have to suffer (Moulin 2014). In the prior years the retail giants have been able to keep the prices in control through the use of the buying power for putting pressure on the sup pliers to a point which is quite a difficult task.The pressure has resulted in the demand for the home brands. The retailers they take into account the integration of the production, product and the point of sales. There has been a price rise by the suppliers but now this is quite a concern. The spotlight emerged when there was complaint lodged in the Federal Court of Australia by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). The complaint noted was that Coles was engaging in the unconscionable conduct and there are suppliers who still demand for their demand from Coles. Coles have however defended the allegations saying that they are not aware of the complaints. The reason for the suppliers to criticize is that they are in a fear of losing their shelf space with the market of retails getting more competitive (Financial Review 2016). Thus, it has been seen that the retail super market industry is losing the duopoly structure with the presence of large number of foreign supermarket firms who tends to offer products at a much lower price than that of Coles and Woolworths. In an article under Australian Financial Review, it was stated that Food Revolution Group has partnered with Coles and Woolworths, the largest of all the super market for the sale of juices. This will be a great initiative for it since it has entered into the Australia Stock Exchange. The reason for the US firm to enter into agreement with Coles and Woolworths was due to its dominating position in the market. It is expected that there will be more of fruit juices in the shelves of the Australian Supermarket. The owner of the company is also too excited with the initiative as this was a very good venture and there would be large outlets that would help in promoting their sales. Food Revolution Group has collaborated in China and there are more than 1000 stores in the China selling their product (The Sydney Morning Herald. 2014).Thus, the companys position in the market is relevant for making collaborations and partnerships. Theory: There are two types of interest of duopoly firms has in the market, the price that is set by each of the firm and through the quantity produced. There are a number of assumptions on which both the models Cournot and Betrand are based and the most important of which is that they are needed to sell homogenous products (Varian 2014). When there is price interest involved then it is shown through Cournot Model. In a Cournot Model, the two firms (Coles and Woolworths) they assume that the output of each are fixed and this is decided independently of each other but at the same time (Boland 2014). The decisions are made by the firm by taking the behavior of the firm as constant. Cournot equilibrium is likely to result from the number of responses together by all the firms (Nicholson and Snyder 2014). Betrand Model is a model helps firms to compete involving quantity rather than price (Hall and Lieberman 2012). The model is a game of two types of firms where each of the firm is going to assu me that the other will not be changing the prices in response to the price cut. The firms use this logic to reach Nash Equilibrium. Conclusion: Thus, the Australian supermarket, which is characterized by a duopoly structure, is seen to break down due to the increasing competition in the market due to the entry of new firms in the market. In the face of competition, it is getting quite difficult for the firms to adopt appropriate strategy. Coles and Woolworths they are trying to collaborate with some of the global brands so that they both are mutually benefited. Since the market is characterized by duopoly, so there is a competition among the firms with respect to price or quantity. Coles and Woolworths in a fear of losing large market share trying to alter their marketing strategies. References: Baumol, W.J. and Blinder, A.S., 2015.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Boland, L.A., 2014.Methodology for a New Microeconomics (Routledge Revivals): The Critical Foundations. Routledge. Financial Review. (2016).Food Revolution Group juices Coles and Woolies for a new deal. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/fresh-squeeze-on-the-asx-courted-by-coles-and-woolworths-20160404-gny23g [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016] Hall, R.E. and Lieberman, M., 2012.Microeconomics: Principles and applications. Cengage Learning. Moulin, H., 2014.Cooperative microeconomics: a game-theoretic introduction. Princeton University Press. Nicholson, W. and Snyder, C.M., 2014.Intermediate microeconomics and its application. Nelson Education. The Sydney Morning Herald. (2014).Coles: Reviewing law of supply and demands. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/coles-reviewing-law-of-supply-and-demands-20140506-zr5k1.html [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016] Varian, H.R., 2014.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

Understanding Organizational Culture; A Case Study

Executive summary Having a strong, cohesive organizational culture is perhaps the most important strategy that an organization can implement to cope with the current aggressive competition, declining economy and ever increasing internal challenges. This report shall set out to elaborate different concepts used to define, explain and justify organizational culture.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Understanding Organizational Culture; A Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To this end, an overview of what culture entails shall be provided and benefits that an organization can accrue from adopting a strong culture outlined. Different theories and principles shall be used to recommend the best course of action that can be taken by BSG to address its behavioral and cultural issues. Introduction In today’s business environment, members of any given organization are expected to behave in a manner that ena bles them to achieve the set organizational goals and objectives. To ensure this is done, rules, regulations and guidelines are designed and implemented to act as a framework through which activities and operations can be carried out. As a result of these frameworks, organizations develop practices, attitudes and norms that define how organizational practices are carried out. These practices, attitudes and norms form the organizational culture. Wilderom et al (2004), state that organizational cultures play a pivotal role in unifying and motivating employees to perform better, and commit to the organization. As such, it can be argued that by having a strong organizational culture, business entities can perform better and more efficiently. Purpose of the report In all organizations, there are internal and external factors that influence the ability of the organizations to perform efficiently. They include but are not limited to: leadership, management and motivational factors among ot hers. Regardless of the category, organizational culture seems to play an integral role in the determination of how members of an organization carry out their duties and responsibilities. In response to these undertones, this report shall set out to define and elaborate various concepts of organizational culture. In addition, the benefits of having an organizational culture shall be discussed and justifications for these benefits provided. Scope of the report De Long (1997) argues that organizations have different organizational cultures. Some may adopt a competitive culture, while others may choose a collaborative culture. It is therefore important to understand the culture that an organization has. This understanding can only be achieved by examining the values, practices and beliefs that are held by the members of the organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this report, the cultural and behavioral characteristics of BSG Pty Ltd shall be analyzed. This shall be done by deducing these characteristics from the scenario given and identifying the cultural and behavioral issues that affect the organization’s success. Background of the report Over the past few years, the profitability of BSG Pty Ltd has been significantly declining against the expected projections mainly due to aggressive competition and economic hardships that characterize the market. In addition, results from a recently conducted cultural/employee attitude survey indicated that BSG Pty Ltd employees lack cohesion, motivation, commitment. More importantly, employees at BSG Pty Ltd seems to have significantly low levels of job satisfaction, team work, trust (among themselves and the management), and expectations for future advancements (promotions and rewards). On the same note, there was a 30% increase in pilfering of company resources as evidenced from the analysis of co mpany data. The 15% increase in last year’s staff turnover is also an issue that needs to be addressed. In light of these issues, the C. E. O of BSG Pty Ltd strongly suggested that there is need for change if the company is to survive the current unforgiving market and economical trends. This he attributed to the fact that the current culture adopted by the company was the root cause of the poor performance exhibited by the company. As such, this report has been necessitated by the need to identify, analyze and solve the cultural and behavioral issues that affect BSG Pty Ltd. Sources and methods used in this report Evidently, BSG Pty Ltd has numerous cultural and behavioral inadequacies as has been identified in the currently gathered information. We shall use this evidence as the basis of the report. Relevant academic sources and concepts shall be used to analyze these issues and recommend viable solutions for the same. Literature related to theories, principles and models u sed to address the aforementioned cultural and behavioral issues shall be applied as necessary.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Understanding Organizational Culture; A Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational culture: A Literature Review De Long (1997) defines culture as the values, norms and practices that are followed by members of a given organization. According to the author, values refer to the beliefs held by an organization in regard to the worthiness of what it does and has. Practices in this context are associated to the routines (formal and non-formal) that organizational members follow to accomplish their tasks. According to the author, norms are the shared belief that organizational members’ have regarding proper working behavior (De Long, 1997). From this definition, it can be argued that organizational culture is rooted in how people act, their expectations to each other a nd how they interpret the actions of others in an organizational setting. On the same note, organizational culture has been defined as particular practices carried out by organizations that evolved over time (Kostova, 1999; Wilderom, 2004). These practices reveal the competence and shared knowledge in an organization. In this context, organizational culture can be described as the shared perception that members have in regard to the correct or wrong organizational work practices. Such practices may differ from one organization to another. From the definitions stated above, it is evident that values play a significant role in defining culture. This is further accentuated by Hibbard (1998) who defines culture as a set of beliefs and values that are strongly shared by members of a given organization. Despite the logic behind Hibbard’s (1998) definition, research conducted by other scholars presents a strong case against this criterion. Wilderom et al (2004) argue that the greate st disparities between organizations are strongly based on practices than they are on values. The authors reaffirm this fact by stating that the cultural difference exhibited by different organization is deeply rooted in the organizational work practices that are adopted by the personnel. These authors contend that values are constituents of practices. As such, using values as the basis of defining organizational culture creates a problem when it comes to measuring culture in an organizational context.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cohesive culture: A Brief Overview Cohesion broadly refers to collaboration and unity. Using the definition of culture proposed earlier, a cohesive culture can best be described as the work practices that promote unity and inter-departmental collaboration. They include but are not limited to knowledge sharing, trustworthiness, team work, effective communication and commitment among others (Luca, 2006). Bolman and Deal (2008) state that a cohesive culture refers to harmony experienced in an organization as a result of clearly defined practices and values that are shared by an organization’s personnel. The authors argue that an organization that adopts a cohesive culture is bound to succeed. This means that a cohesive culture leads to success and it is not always the other way around. Benefits of a strong, cohesive organizational culture Bolman and Deal (2008) state that a strong culture is pivotal towards the promotion of team work in an organizational setting. When the member s of an organization share the same values and practices, they are better placed to work together as a team. This is in contrary to a situation whereby employees compete against each other for recognition and personal gratification. In addition, Palmer (2008) contends that team work is guaranteed by the presence of a vision. An organization envisioning harmony gives its employees a glimpse of what to expect from the organization and they judge the organization by the principles that govern it (Cartwright Baldwin, 2007). Similarly, Palmer (2008) asserts that a strong, cohesive organizational culture reassures employees of the better days ahead. In addition to this, it provides meaning and a sense of belong to the followers and other stakeholders as they deem themselves as part of something greater. An organizational culture inspires and motivates them to aim higher and employ extra effort so as to actualize the vision and make a significant difference in their own capacities. This i n turn acts as a unifying factor and creates a sense of community between them. In addition to this, organizational cultures provide the followers with a theme of change or transformation. This is important especially in cases where a seamless transition is desirable. At the same time, strong cultures also help followers to understand what is expected of them and this helps them make reforms and become more innovative. Sharing similar practices and values also assist in developing and shaping the attitude of the organization. This is because a strong, cohesive culture, if embraced by all, develops a life of its own and becomes part of the organization. This improves interactivity between members and they develop common values and beliefs as they all set target towards a common goal. Glisson (2007) further asserts that a strong organizational culture equips members with a referenced legal and ethical framework on how to actualize their goals. For a vision to become reality there need s to be rules and regulations, which act as guidelines to all members. A strong, cohesive culture enables leaders to communicating these to the followers and smoothen the implementation process. This makes it easier to achieve the set goals and objectives because every member receives clear directives on how to go about actualizing a particular vision. A strong, cohesive culture is not only desirable, but also essential to the success of the business for it is through it that organizational goals are met. As mentioned earlier, a strong culture enables leaders to support employees as they work towards achieving organizational goals. As Webne-Behrman (2008) asserts, a strong culture enables leaders to evaluate employees’ ability to work as a problem solving and decision-making entity, all the while designing measures to counter undesirable behavioral traits that seem to inhibit the employees’ ability to perform as required. Rivera-Vazquez (2010) further contends that the success of any organization depends mainly on the effectiveness and ability of the leader to inspire. This fact effectively underscores the importance of having a collaborative culture because a leader is deemed worthless if he lacks the backing and support of a team/group. It is therefore important that all leaders work towards cultivating and generating a strong, cohesive culture for their firms. In most organization, only a fraction of the capability of the work force is utilized because leaders do not fully understand how best to motivate employees. Huszczo (2004) acknowledges that managers and leaders cannot gain much by coercing the employees to work harder. Instead, an increase in productivity can be achieved if the leaders invest highly on retraining programs, ensure availability of essential resources, and provide motivational attributes like bonuses, promotions and even pay increments to act as incentives. Such interventions can only be discovered if leaders nurture a cul ture that considers how employees behave and react to certain positive or negative stimuli. A strong, cohesive organizational culture ensures that organizations have a sense of purpose and are working towards the achievement of some organizational goals. It sets out to generate and sustain trust between the administration, employees and clients. Usoro and Kuofie (2006) assert that this will result in the promotion of hope, knowledge sharing and confidence amongst the organizations worker force. These qualities heighten the levels of optimism within the organization all the while boosting employee’s morale and guarantees future success in all organizational endeavors. Cultural Issues at BSG Pty Ltd As mentioned in the background section, the profitability of BSG Pty Ltd has been significantly declining against the expected projections mainly due to aggressive competition and economic hardships that characterize the market. In addition, results from a recently conducted cultura l/employee attitude survey indicated that BSG Pty Ltd employees lack cohesion, motivation, commitment. More importantly, employees at BSG Pty Ltd seems to have significantly low levels of job satisfaction, team work, trust (among themselves and the management), and expectations for future advancements (promotions and rewards). On the same note, there was a 30% increase in pilfering of company resources as evidenced from the analysis of company data. The 15% increase in last year’s staff turnover is also an issue that needs to be addressed. In light of these issues, the C. E. O of BSG Pty Ltd strongly suggested that there is need for change if the company is to survive the current unforgiving market and economical trends. Addressing cultural issues at BSG As has been elaborated in this report, culture has a significant influence on different aspects of a business. Palmer (2008) asserts that there is a strong relationship between culture and motivation, leadership, trust and te am work. A strong cohesive culture promotes harmony. For example, McKeown (2008) contends that a strong, cohesive culture fosters innovation. This means that an organization with this culture will work towards improving itself. Having such a culture at BSG will therefore motivate the employees and guarantee it a competitive advantage in these hard times. In addition, team work is mainly based on trust. In an organization where employees are insecure of their jobs and have low levels of job satisfaction, team work is bound to lack. This is because they do not trust each other and they fear that sharing may result to their demise in terms of rewards or job position. However, a cohesive culture eliminates such fears and encourages employees to work together so as to achieve the set goals. In BSG the factors that need to be addressed include job satisfaction and motivation. This is because these two factors determine how committed employees are to the organization. If the employees are strongly committed, then they can go past the issues of trust, pilfering and lack of team work. These two key factors are best addressed by the two factor theory of motivation advanced by Frederick Herzberg. This theory suggests that job satisfaction has two dimensions. They include the hygienic factor, which refers to the working conditions, and the motivation factors which include work incentives (Griffin 2007, p.296). With this in mind, leaders at BSG should ensure that they foster a culture that promotes hygiene. Hygiene in this case not only refers to clean working conditions but also good interpersonal skills, pay security and adequate supervision. On the other hand, motivation factors refer to achievement and recognition, advancement and growth. If BSG develops a culture that encompasses these factors, the company is bound to have a seamless transition geared towards success. Development and maintenance of culture Park, Ribiere and Schulte (2004) state that a strong organizat ional culture can be developed by applying motivational and managerial skills that aim at fostering teamwork and collaborative decision making. In this regard, an organization can implement group process strategies that encourage employees to work together towards attaining a common goal. Webne-Behrman (2008) defines group process as the procedures implemented by member of an organization who are closely working together in a bid to come up with the best solutions to handle or solve a common problem. The group process concept has been in existence for a long while and has proven to be an asset in numerous organizations when it comes to understanding how groups function in regard to problem-solving and decision-making processes. In addition, Webne-Behrman (2008) asserts that group process enables group facilitators to come up with viable interventional measures that can be implemented to alter undesirable behavioral attributes that are inherent in a particular group. In this regard, the author suggests that group process can be viewed as behavioral patterns exhibited by members of a group as they collectively try to perform various organizational tasks. In regard to maintaining an organizational culture, Rivera-Vazquez (2010) states that there are practices that can guarantee that employees keep the adopted culture burning. Some of the recommended strategies include team-building retreats and seminars, initiation rites and ceremonies and socialization surveys conducted regularly within the organization (Rivera-Vazquez, 2010). These strategies facilitate the development and maintenance of organizational culture in the sense that employees are able to understand each others strengths and weaknesses and devise means of coping and improving the same. Recommendations To efficiently address the issues at BSG, the managers and leaders should implement motivational strategies as proposed by Griffin (2007). In additional, an ethical program dictating the codes of conduc t should be developed and implemented. This code will act as a guideline through which the expected professional behavior can be monitored and evaluated. Similarly, programs that promote the development of the employees should be put in place. Glisson (2007) states that training and retraining employees on proper conduct, knowledge sharing and the value of team work are among the key factors that enhance performance. In addition, developing a reward system is an effective motivation and commitment booster in an organizational setting. Conclusion Challenges are inherent in all organizations. How these challenges are handled determines whether an organization will succeed or fail. In this report, issues that affect BSG have been outlined and their impact on the organization’s success discussed. The issues in this company have resulted from a lack of a strong, cohesive organizational culture. To this end, the concept of organizational culture has been evaluated in regard to defi nition and benefits. By using relevant literature, a discussion highlighting possible solutions has been provided. Recommendations as to how the company can develop and maintain a strong culture have also been outlined. If implemented, BSG will realize a monumental change in how its employees behave and perceive work. This will in turn help in restoring the company to its former glory; if not better. References Bolman, LG Deal, TE, 2008, Reframing organizations: artistry, choice, and leadership, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. Cartwright, T Baldwin, D 2007, Communicating Your Vision, Center for Creative Leadership, New York. De Long, D 1997, Building the knowledge-based organization: How culture drives knowledge Behaviors, Working paper, Ernst Young’s Center for Business Innovation, Boston. Glisson, C 2007, ‘Assessing and changing organizational culture and climate for effective services’, Research on Social Work Practice, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 736-747. Griffin , RW 2007, Fundamentals of management, Cengage Learning, New York. Hibbard, J 1998, ‘Cultural breakthrough’, Information week, vol. 701, pp. 44-55. Huszczo, G 2004, Tools for Team Leadership: Delivering the X-factor in Team Excellence, Davies-Black Publishing, Sydney. Kostova, T 1999, ‘Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices: A contextual perspective’, Academy of management review, vol. 24, pp. 308-324. Luca, ML 2006, ‘The role of culture on knowledge transfer: the case of the multinational Corporation’, The Learning Organization, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 257-275. McKeown, M 2008, The Truth About Innovation, Prentice Hall, London, UK. Palmer,ER 2008, Ultimate leadership: winning execution strategies for your situation, Wharton School Publishing, USA. Park, H, Ribiere, V, Schulte. DW 2004, ‘Critical attributes of organizational culture that promote knowledge management technology implementation success’, Journal of Knowledge management, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 106-117. Rivera-Vazquez, JC 2010, ‘Overcoming cultural barriers for innovation and knowledge Sharing’, Strategic Direction, no. 3, p. 26. Usoro, A, Kuofie, MHS 2006, ‘Conceptualization of cultural dimensions as a major influence on knowledge-sharing’, International Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 16-25. Wilderom, C, Berg, DV, Peter, T 2004, ‘Defining, Measuring, and Comparing Organizational Cultures’, Internal Association for Applied Psychology, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 570-582. Webne-Behrman, H 2008, The Practice of Facilitation: Managing Group Process and Solving Problems, IAP, USA. This report on Understanding Organizational Culture; A Case Study was written and submitted by user Jakobe Bowen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cultural profile of China The WritePass Journal

Cultural profile of China Cultural profile of China Chapter 11.0 Introduction1.1 Cross-cultural management1.2 Definition of culture1.3 Characteristics of cultureChapter 22.0 Cultural profile of China 2.1 Geert Hofstedes five cultural dimensions2.1.1 Power distance2.1.2 Individualism2.1.3 Masculinity2.1.4 Uncertainty avoidance2.1.5 Long-term orientation in ChinaChapter 33.0 Challenges and recommendations expand business to ChinaChallengeRecommendation3.2 Differences of business cultureChallengeRecommendation3.3 Guan Xi (Relationship)Recommendation3.4 Government RegulationChallengeRecommendation3.5 Legal EnvironmentChallengeRecommendation3.6 Local CompetitorsChallengeRecommendationChallengeRecommendation3.8 Business PartnerChallengeRecommendation  Chapter 44.0 ConclusionRelated Chapter 1 1.0 Introduction As an American Chinese, the cultural profile of a country that I am going to choose is China in this assignment. This is because the rate of GDP growth was strong in China in 2010 with an estimated 10% year-on-year growth. This means that it is benefits to the investors who are going to invest or expand business in China. Before U.S. companies decided to expand business into China, they must understanding the cultural profile of China in order to make profit on their business. To be clear about the Chinas cultural profile, Hofstedes five dimensions of culture are being applied into this assignment. Every country has their cultures. Therefore, here are the explanation about subject of cross-cultural management, explanation of culture, and characteristics of culture to provide a theoretical background for this report. 1.1 Cross-cultural management Basically human races came with different background. Cultural background. When people from one cultural background, meet, understand, interact and deal with people from other cultural background. That is a cross-cultural management. In recent years, with the increase in globalization and diversity in the workplace, cross cultural management has become an important element of organizational life. Cross-cultural management is the study of the behavior of the people in organization located in cultures and nations around the world. It focuses on the description of organizational behavior within countries and cultures, on the comparison of organizational behavior across countries and cultures, and, perhaps most importantly, in the interaction of peoples from different countries working within the same organization or within the same work environment (Nancy J. Adler, 1983). 1.2 Definition of culture Culture has been defined in a number of ways, but most simply, as the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings(J., Useem, R,1963). According to English Anthropologist Edward B Taylor, culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Culture gives us an identity which makes us unique and different from people of other cultures. The culture of the society becomes the dominant culture and those of the immigrants from the subculture of the community, when people with different cultures migrate and settle in another society. People usually settle in other nations imbibe the new culture; while at the same time strive to preserve their own. (Deepa Kartha, 2000-2011). 1.3 Characteristics of culture There are different characteristics or qualities of cultures throughout the world. First characteristic of culture is that culture is learned. Culture is not inherited; it is acquired through learning and experience. People can learn behavior patterns including language and many other attributes if they grow up with that particular culture. The second characteristic of culture is that culture is shared by a group of people. We can consider a thought or an action as a culture if it is commonly shared and believed or practiced by a group of people. It can be considered as their culture when a group of individual share and believe with each others. The third characteristic of culture is that culture is cumulative. The knowledge of culture can be passed from one generation to another generation. As time passed by, more and more knowledge is added in the particular culture. It may work out solutions of problems in the life as the particular culture goes with time. The fourth characteristic of culture is that culture is dynamic. This is the characteristic of culture that stems from the cultures cumulative quality. As there is no culture remains on the permanent state, culture is considered as changing frequently as added in new ideas and new techniques to change the old ways. The fifth characteristic of culture is that culture gives us a range of permissible behavior patterns. Culture has structure and is integrated as a change in one part will bring changes in another. It tells us how to dress based on gender, statue, occasions, and many more. Chapter 2 2.0 Cultural profile of China China is located in eastern Asia. China is formally known as ‘The People’s Republic of China’ (PRC). As the worlds population is approximately 6.7 billion, China represents a full 20% of the worlds population so one in every five people on the planet is a resident of China. Chinas population growth has been somewhat slowed by the one child policy, in effect since 1979 (Matt Rosenberg, 2010). Confucianism is a system of behaviors and ethics that stress the obligations of people towards one another based upon their relationship. The basic tenets are based on five different relationships in China which are ruler and subject, husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters, finally, friend and friend. Confucianism indicated the duty, sincerity, loyalty, honor, filial piety, respect for age and seniority (Mandarin Today, 2005). 2.1 Geert Hofstedes five cultural dimensions In this part, Geert Hofstedes cultural dimensions have been used to introduce cultural profile of China. He had analyzed about the way of culture influence working relationships in a multicultural environment along five dimensions which are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation in China. Below is the diagram of USA vs China by hofstedes five dimensions. Figure 1: USA vs China by Hofstedes five dimensions Source: geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95culture2=18#compare According to figure 1, China has long-term orientation in the highest ranking factor and lowest individualism than United States. And also, it has high in masculinity, power distance and low in uncertainty avoidance culture compared to United States. 2.1.1 Power distance Power distance refers to the level of acceptance by a society of unequal distribution of power in institutions. The extent to which subordinates accept unequal power is socially determined. United States scores around 40 with low ranking power distance in figure 1. It indicates that there is a greater equality between societal levels, including government, organizations, and even within families in United States. This orientation reinforces a cooperative interaction across power levels and creates a more stable cultural environment (Geert Hofstede,1967-2009). However, the power distance remains high in China which scores around 80 in the diagram above. This means that the Chinese society is characterized by a very high level of inequalities in power and wealth, and that these are accepted by the individuals (Carletti Mathilde, 2008). Also, the individual representing the authority in any organization (family, undertaking, etc.) is highly respected, because that individual has the dec ision-making power. In China, there is a strong differentiation of roles, competences and respect due, according to the individual’s position on the hierarchic scale. In China, individuals with power enjoy greater status and privilege than those without power, and subordinates are less likely to challenge or express disagreement with superiors (Matthew Earnhardt, 2009). In other words, the rank structure is clearly delineated between management and subordinates, and disagreement with management is frowned upon. Information control is one of the predominant sources of power in China. Critical information in China is selectively preserved instead of being distributed widely. It is quite obvious in e-government practices in China where branches of government purposely hold back some information and obstruct large-scale information sharing in order to keep their power and interests (Lucian E. Marin, 2010). 2.1.2 Individualism Individualism describes the relationship between the individual and the immediate community. The high individualism ranking for the United States (88) indicates a society with a more individualistic attitude and relatively loose bonds with others (Kimberley Roberts Stephen Taylor, 1998-2008). However, low individualism is important for learning the Chinese way of thinking which scores 20 in figure 1. Interpersonal relationships and group affiliation are focused in China (Matthew Earnhardt, 2009). They will act with good manner at all the times and will not do anything that caused other people embarrassment in the public. It can be observed by the use of silence in structure meetings. A person will remain quite although a person   disagrees with what another person says, rather than disagree publicly,   This is giving respect to the other person, while speaking up would make both parties lost reputation. In China, a collectivistic culture, individuals are willing to sacrifice personal goals for the good of the group (Matthew Earnhardt, 2009). This loyalty is promoted across all aspects of Chinese culture, including the workplace. Loyalty is a highly regarded trait in a society where relationships are strong and is, therefore, it is importance to most of the Chinese people (Simon Kriss, 2006). This links back to their high long term orientation above. The collectivist thinking of a culture, China tends to be extremely parochial, with people and businesses not changing suppliers lightly for fear of the impact on relationships (Simon Kriss, 2006). So, it is a good idea to select a good strong partnership that has potential to last a long time when doing business with others. 2.1.3 Masculinity Masculinity refers to the role share between men and women, and the differences of equality that exist between the two genders. The highest the score the more assertive and competitive the culture (Masculine), the lowest the score the more modestly and caring (Feminine). The United States has score around 72.5 and China has score around 75 in the figure1. Therefore, China has high masculinity in their culture and has a strong role differentiation between men and women. Men hold most of the responsibility and power positions. The role of women in China is very limited, even though it seems to be taking more importance in the cities and more developed regions (Carletti Mathilde, 2008). Especially in the rural areas their status is inferior. The country is far from setting up men-women parity. This is the one dimension in which China most aligns itself to the rest of the world, and yet, it is often totally missed by businessman of United States, who think that the women in China are, fo r the most part, ignored (Piseth 2009). 2.1.4 Uncertainty avoidance Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations. Uncertainty avoidance has many implications for leadership characteristics and leadership traits such as habitual, formal, cautious, and orderly is perceived as an outstanding form of leadership in some countries while a negative form in others (Matthew Earnhardt, 2009). A high ranking of uncertainty avoidance dimension in United States (45) is indicate that society has fewer rules and does not attempt to control all outcomes and results while doing business. It also has a greater level of tolerance for a variety of ideas, thoughts, and beliefs (Simon Kriss, 2006). But, China presents a low degree of acceptance of uncertainty which scored 30 is a characteristic of a society that does not try to take control of the future, and that is not afraid of unforeseen situations. It is also characteristic of a society that is more tolerant towards opinions, behaviors that are differ ent from its own, and changes (Carletti Mathilde, 2008). It is a more meditative society which does not feel the need of controlling its environment. 2.1.5 Long-term orientation in China The fifth dimension, long-term orientation specify the extent to which a culture is devoted or not devoted to â€Å"traditional, forward thinking values† (Hofstede, 2001). High or short-term orientation predispose countries to resist it or accept to change. In countries in which people display high long-term orientation suggests that the country has long-term commitments to tradition and fosters a strong work ethic as a plan for future rewards outweigh the need for rapid change. Cultures with a short term orientation focus on values such as ‘saving face’ and respecting tradition while cultures that focus on the longer term tend to focus on thrift and perseverance. The US has a scored around 29 in this dimension. China has the highest ranking for long-term orientation which scored around 110 in figure 2.1. China slow and steady wins the race for business deals compare with United States. China is having a building strong, reliable, lasting relationship which is the key for the Chinese (Eric Yee, 2008). A certain amount of trust must be gained before any decision is met. The Chinese prefer to deal with people they knew and trusted before starting to conduct business with others (Vincent Lo, 2011). It may take three to four times the length of time to finish the business deal after finish meeting. So if do not come to a fast agreement, dont be discouraged, make the client feel comfortable and show patience to Chinese. The Chinese never like to rush into things. The company has to maintain the relationship if want to do more business with Chinese. Chapter 3 3.0 Challenges and recommendations expand business to China To be successful in the Chinas market, the United States companies need to have an understanding of major practical challenges they may face in China. China has a different culture because the way they implement their business tends to differ from US. China market is a complicated filed to those companies that are familiar to the Chinese culture would be able to move around in the market. Hence, cultural differences are always the barriers between foreign companies and the locals. For a successful partnership, both parties need to learn more about each other culturally and their business styles (Starmass International 2001-2011). Below are the challenges that foreign company may face in China. 3.1 Communication Challenge There will be a failure business if misunderstanding happened when communicate with Chinas companies. Therefore, language barrier is the biggest challenges for many U.S. companies when they want to enter into the China market. Although there are an increasing number of Chinas people learning English, but there still have majority of locals are unable to communicate in English and also many foreigners are unable to speak Chinese. The way they written and verbal English spoken is totally different with Western countries. Recommendation Individuals need to understand what the other party wants before start to conduct business with Chinese people. By this, they have needed to spend money for hiring person who can carry the responsibility to interpret and as an effective translator to communicate with the locals. Individuals are required to provide their interpreter the relevant information which can effectively execute their task in work. It is better to spend some time to discuss with the interpreter what an individual want to achieve out before each of the meeting to avoid any negotiations. 3.2 Differences of business culture Challenge Foreign investors unfamiliar with the business culture in China are the second major reasons that they failed to enter the China market. To be succeeded in the China, the U.S. investors cannot simply apply their own business models into China market. Due to the culture difference, many of them do not always adapt to accept Chinas standard. As Chinese are very respectful to others, they tend to carry out their business according their beliefs and values. Chinese would like to seek others opinions and advices before making any decision but that take longer time. If the investors do not respect Chinese, there will not have deal between both parties. Hence, U.S. investors need to respect them while talking or having meeting with Chinese. Recommendation The U.S. companies should take more time to do research on the Chinas business culture with fully understanding it. This action may help them to do business with Chinese people in the long-run. The investors have to understand that the Chinese are not indecisive but rather respecting the view of others in doing business. Hence, they must be more patient when dealing business with Chinese. But once they decide to move ahead, the investors must get ready for it because Chinese may expected to proceed it immediately. 3.3 Guan Xi (Relationship) Challenge China likes to build strong relationship in their business compare to United States. It is an important element in achieving successful business in China. However, many U.S. investors may think that it is wasting time in socializing but to the Chinese, it is all the part of the business. Chinese more prefer to work with someone who more familiar with them to reduce disagreement and conflict. Thus, they need to develop wide interpersonal relationship with Chinese. Recommendation The company would benefit in many different ways with buildup good relationship in China. First, a trust would be able to establish between U.S companies and locals. Thus, they would be very comfortable working with each other. Second, good relationship may helps to resolve any problems if a company would to encounter any problems in any field. The investors must learn how to socialize like sing karaoke, having drinks and so on. It is important when entertain or having fun with Chinese. It does not matter whether you are a gifted singer or not. Besides that, the investors must learn how to drink. If you hear ganbei that means Chinese expected you to empty your cup and have fun with them. There are a good places and better ways to build up relationship with them. 3.4 Government Regulation Challenge Chinas government placed heavy restriction on foreign investment in the retail sector. Under the restriction, investors must make concessions on the size and independence of their business to access Chinas market. However, the investors must go through stricter licensing procedures compared to other domestic competitors. They could apply approval only from the government to establish business in China. The investors must first obtain a business license from MOFCOM and then registration approval from the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC). The licensing process is also opaque and can be slow and inconsistent, adding extra costs and burdens for the investor. In recent years, pushed by foreign business communities and governments, MOFCOM and SAIC have delegated certain approval authorities to local governments and streamlined the licensing processes for foreign retail investors (US-China Business Council (2010). Recommendation A strong government relationship remains an important factor to do business successfully in China as Chinas government plays an important role in influencing market movement and administering foreign investments. There are unnecessary procedures and delays if the foreign companies have good relationship with the government officials. This is because China is not a free-market economy and it has an authoritarian communist government. While they employ some of the same terms and strategies as full-fledged capitalist markets, political control is everywhere (Ehow, 2011). 3.5 Legal Environment Challenge Before enter into China market, U.S. investors have to be familiar with the China market laws. The china laws may be frustrating as they seem to be very complicated. In China, the wording of contract may look relatively vague compared to what you are used to. If any dispute arises, consider the contract as a guide, but do not expect it to offer much protection legally. Recommendation Interacting with the locals would allow a better understanding of the Chinese culture and laws and it will be useful in doing business. Hence, a lot of foreign companies would undertake a local company as partner to help them with the registration process and negotiation with the Chinese. 3.6 Local Competitors Challenge One of the challenges that U.S. investors need to be faced are the local competitors. However, one must not overlook small local companies in the China market as the Chinese have a very strong national pride thus they tend to be more supportive towards their local products. Recommendation U.S. companies would really need to do a detailed market and consumer research if they want not only enter the China market but also market their products to the local market. The investors can also seek for the outside help when trying to get into the China market. The Chinese culture would help tremendously when approaching familiar with the China market as they would know the tactic on how to handle any problems. 3.7 Local Pride Challenge In addition, U.S companies do not really know what are the preferences and needs of the Chinese consumers in China. Chinese consumers often prefer to deal with local, Chinese-run companies rather than western enterprises. This also extends to favored treatment from political officials, and it can influence bids on projects and other ventures. Carrying out a consumer research may not be very useful as the information collected may not truly reflect the true responses as the Chinese may not be comfortable giving out information to foreign researches. Recommendation There are normally more reliable if companies engage a local research company to carry out the market analysis research. As low cost of material and labour in China, the products that the U.S. companies offers must at the cheaper level to compare with the local products. 3.8 Business Partner Challenge It is not an easy task for foreign investors to find a good business partner to build up business. A good business partner shares your vision and enthusiasm, bringing expertise in the areas in which you are inexperienced. Its someone who understands the legal and financial responsibilities endemic to sharing a business. Most importantly, its someone with whom you get along. Recommendation Most of the U.S. companies are not well in network of China because they are unable to find reliable business partners in China markets and meet a lot of bureaucratic problems as they are unfamiliar with the laws of China. Therefore, it is important to choose a right business partner. He or she as a business partner in China must be able to speak well in both English and Mandarin. Having enthusiasm for the companys products, strong relationship with import and export agencies and also appropriate storage of the companys products are the factors as a reference for the foreign company to choose a good business partner. In addition, a strong and stable financial background is the most important factor for the company to make sure individuals are able to be a responsible business partner with them.   Chapter 4 4.0 Conclusion In this section, I would like to conclude that it is important to understand others cultural profile before start doing business with them. Geert Hofstede five cultural dimensions in China which are long-term orientation, individualism, masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance are important elements for the foreign investors to understand cultural profile of China. Once they started to understand the Chinese culture, the foreign investors can have a good cooperation with the locals and succeed to develop their enterprise in China. Maintaining good relationships in China is very important to help foreign investors to success in the China market. Chinese are making business deal depend on how much they see your personal relationship with them. Being respectful and do not make others lose their reputation in the public are the ways to build relationship with Chinese. Besides that, collectivist dimension of Chinese culture where the group is more important than the individual. From this assignment, I learned how it is essential to understand the different culture in an unfamiliar country. And also, I had understand to the Chinese culture or ways to doing things in their business dealing. Besides that, communication tools and skills to face the challenges are learned through this assignment.

Not all hybrids have electric motors and batteries

Not all hybrids have electric motors and batteries When it comes to transportation, hybridization is not new. Hybrid cars and trucks that combine an electric motor with a gasoline engine date back to the turn of the 20th century. Hybrid diesel-electric locomotives have been in operation for years, and in the 1970s, small numbers of diesel-electric buses began to appear. On a smaller scale, a moped is a hybrid - it combines the power of a gasoline engine with the pedal power of the rider. So, any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power is considered a hybrid vehicle (HV). Today, when hybrid and vehicle are used together - think Toyota Prius, Ford Fusion Hybrid or Honda Civic Hybrid - that vehicle, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Each of these vehicles combine an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor that receives electricity from a battery pack. Today’s gasoline- and diesel electric hybrid systems are very complex, high-tech wonders in design and operation. Components include controllers, generators, converters, inverters, regenerative braking and, of course, a battery pack - either nickel-metal hydride or lithium ion. HEVs offer benefits that their conventional gasoline or diesel counterparts do not have - increased fuel economy and fewer harmful emissions coming out the tailpipe. But to achieve the same results not all hybrid vehicles require electric motors and batteries. Here’s a look at three alternative hybrid systems. One is now employed in big trucks and could find its way into cars, one is likely to appear in a 2016 BMW and the third could be on the road in three years. Hydraulic - Not Just For The Big Dogs Last August I featured an article about a hydraulic hybrid system that has made its way into big diesel refuse trucks, the ones that come around once a week and pick up our trash. On a good day, a garbage hauler will eke out 4 to 5 mpg. Then there are all those icky, nasty pollutants pouring out of the exhaust stacks. But thanks to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), yes, those same government folks who monitor environmental laws and fuel mileage testing, a hydraulic hybrid system they pioneered increases fuel economy in the big rigs by as much as 33 percent and reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) by 40 percent. The principal of the hydraulic system is similar to a HEV. It recovers a portion of the energy normally lost as heat by the vehicle’s brakes. But instead of a battery pack, a hydraulic system uses pistons to capture the wasted energy by compressing nitrogen gas stored in a tank, called an accumulator. When the driver lets off the accelerator pedal, the wheels drive a hydraulic pump that pumps hydraulic fluid to compress the nitrogen gas and slows the truck down. When the driver accelerates, the nitrogen is allowed to expand and pushes a piston in a cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid. This action assists the diesel engine in turning the rear wheels. The hydraulic system performs remarkably well on the big dog trucks, but what about light duty trucks or passenger cars? The Center For Compact and Efficient Fluid Power (CCEFP), a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota is working on that. The center’s â€Å"Generation 2† vehicle - a Ford F-150 pickup - utilizes a custom-built continuously variable power split hydraulic transmission. It is complemented with hydraulic accumulators to enable hybrid operation. To be competitive, the system must demonstrate advantages over BEVs. Design specifications for the vehicle include: vibration and harshness comparable to a passenger vehicle; a 0 to 60 mph time of 8 seconds; climb a grade of 8 percent; emissions that meet California standards; and the big one, fuel economy of 70 mpg under the federal drive cycles. Steaming Along Twin brothers Francis and Freelan Stanley, inventors of the Stanley Steamer, would likely approve of BMW’s innovative use of the same principal that worked to power their steam engine cars more than 100 years ago to improve the efficiency in modern vehicles. Called Turbosteamer, this system uses wasted heat energy from an engine’s wasted exhaust gases to contribute power to the automobile. This steam assist system starts with a heat exchanger located between the engine and the catalyst that turns water into steam. The pressurized steam is then carried to what is essentially a small steam engine. A second, smaller steam engine produces a little more mechanical energy. I began following this technology in 2005 when BMW said the two steam engines combined generated 14 horsepower and 15 pounds-feet of torque on a 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine. Additionally, fuel economy improved by 15 percent in overall driving. The automaker also said it intended to make the Turbosteamer ready for volume production in a number of its vehicles within a decade. Well, it’s 10 years later, will it see production? Since then, researchers and engineers focused on reducing the size of the components and making the system simpler to improve dynamics. They came up with an innovative expansion turbine based on the principle of the impulse turbine. The system is now smaller, costs less and the developers say fuel consumption is reduced by up to 10 percent during highway driving. While the Turbosteamer can’t compare its greenness to the BMW i3 all-electric car, a 10 percent improvement in fuel economy for an â€Å"Ultimate Driving Machine† is nothing to sneeze at. It’s possible a Turbosteamer equipped BMW vehicle will be introduced next year. Not Just A Bunch Of Hot Air The idea that compressed air could power a viable zero emissions car has been pursued for years by many respected engineers. In 2000, there was much ado about a new compressed air, zero pollution vehicle from French inventor and Formula One engine builder, Guy Nà ¨gre. His company, Motor Development International (MDI), rolled out an urban-sized car, taxi, pickup and van that were powered by an air engine. Instead of those tiny, tiny explosions of gasoline and oxygen pushing the pistons up and down, like in a normal internal combustion engine, the all-aluminum four-cylinder air engine used compressed air for the job. A hybrid version, using a small gasoline engine to power an onboard compressor for a constant supply of compressed air, was claimed to be able to travel from Los Angeles to New York on just one tank of gas. In 2007 MDI signed an agreement with Tata Motors, India’s largest automobile manufacturer to produce air cars in 2008, followed by the hybrid version in 2009. No cars were produced. That’s perhaps one of the reasons compressed air-powered cars have been the butt of jokes among the green car community. Today, the number of jokes has diminished. That’s the result of Peugeot’s introduction of the 208 HYbrid Air 2L Prototype at the 2014 Paris Auto in October. (Full Review). It employs a compressed air tank that turns a hydraulic motor for additional power or zero emissions city driving rather than a battery for the same functions. Like a BEV, during normal driving the car is powered by the gasoline engine. Compressed air is called upon for additional power when passing or traversing a hill. In this situation, power from both the engine and hydraulic motor are directed to the front wheels via an epicyclic transmission, similar to the planetary gear set transmission used by the Toyota Prius. In city driving, where less power is needed and emissions-free driving is the priority, rather than power provided by a battery, the compressed air alone motivates the car. The compressed air tank is recharged when braking or by using part of the energy developed by the three-cylinder gasoline engine to compress the air. During the Pairs Show, Peugeot said if another large auto manufacturer would buy into the technology to enable production in enough numbers to assure manufacturing affordability, the HYbrid Air could be on the market in three or so years. Two reports from Europe are suggesting, without naming the car company, that Peugeot has found an interested partner. Last Word It’s not certain that any of these three alternative hybrid systems will be available in production vehicles, and if they are, what kind of an impact they will have in the marketplace. What is clear is, electricity in the drivetrain isn’t the only way to hybridize a vehicle.

Finance For International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance For International Business - Essay Example The article presents the financing and the methods of capital budgeting. Capital budgeting is defined as the planning process which is applied by the managers of the company to decide whether the long-term investments are worth the supplying/funding of money through the capitalization structure of the company. Fenland Foods Plc should opt for debt financing method if it considers investing in the project in spite of the negative results of the Fresh Farm because it does not require sharing the company’s part with the investor. Financing through bank loan will be the better option because raising a loan through the bank will give the freedom to Fenland to run the Fresh Farm Foods Company without any intrusion from the lender. By opting for the bank loan, Fenland could also enjoy the tax benefits as the interest paid on loans are generally deducted from the income before computing the taxable income. The capital asset pricing model provides a practical risk measure that helps the investors to resolve what return they actually deserve for placing their money or capital at risk. It is recommended that Fenland Foods Plc should not undertake the project as the NPV of Fresh Farm Foods is negative and also the payback period is more than five years which signifies that Fenland will not be a ble to quickly pay the finances. It is also advised that if Fenland considers undertaking this project in spite of its negative result then they may invest  £400,000 which is less than the initial investment.

Clinical Audit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Clinical Audit - Research Paper Example Between September 20th 2010 and September 22nd 2010, 21 surgical procedures were to be carried out on 21 patients. 11 elective patients were to receive Co-Amoxiclav. While some of them were to receive only Co-Amoxiclav others were to receive combinations that included Co-Amoxiclav. While 12 procedures out of 21 complied with guidelines the rest was of a diverse character such as non compliance, unavailability of guidelines and antibiotics being out of compliance guidelines. According to this analysis it is clear that antimicrobial prophylaxis was to be given to elective patients either a few hours before or during the procedure. Though the level of compliance was considerable there was no proper indication as to how much such compliance produced qualitative and quantitative positive results by way of increasing the degree of response by patients to antimicrobial prophylaxis. Between September 23rd 2010 and September 25th 2010, 14 surgical procedures were to be carried out on 14 patie nts. 7 elective patients were to be given Co-Amoxiclav. Only 4 patients out of 7 were given Co-Amoxiclav while others were given combinations that included Co-Amoxiclav. Only 9 procedures out of 14 complied with guidelines and the other procedures were of a different character. While some of them were to receive only Co-Amoxiclav others were to receive combinations that included Co-Amoxiclav. From September 29th 2010 to October 01st 2010, 25 surgical procedures were carried out on 25 patients.... According to this analysis it is clear that antimicrobial prophylaxis was to be given to elective patients either a few hours before or during the procedure. Though the level of compliance was considerable there was no proper indication as to how much such compliance produced qualitative and quantitative positive results by way of increasing the degree of response by patients to antimicrobial prophylaxis. Between September 23rd 2010 and September 25th 2010, 14 surgical procedures were to be carried out on 14 patients. 7 elective patients were to be given Co-Amoxiclav. Only 4 patients out of 7 were given Co-Amoxiclav while others were given combinations that included Co-Amoxiclav. Only 9 procedures out of 14 complied with guidelines and the other procedures were of a different character. For example there were cases of non compliance and therefore the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis could not be determined. Between September 26th 2010 and September 28th 2010, 19 surgical procedures were to be carried out on 19 patients. 10 elective patients were to receive Co-Amoxiclav. While some of them were to receive only Co-Amoxiclav others were to receive combinations that included Co-Amoxiclav. For example Teicoplanin, Gentamicin, Metronidazol were other antibiotics received by the patients. 14 procedures were complied with the guideline out of 19 procedures while the other procedures did not comply with the guidelines due to various reasons such as missing guidelines, antibiotics being out of compliance guidelines and procedures being cancelled. From September 29th 2010 to October 01st 2010, 25 surgical procedures were carried out on 25 patients. 11 elective patients were given

The Change of Jem and Scout Essay Example for Free

The Change of Jem and Scout Essay She began to see how cruel the world could be to someone who is a little different or strange. She gained the knowledge of the pure hate that one man can show another. The kid’s relationship with Atticus starts out normal. Though, as the story progresses, they recognized he’s different then other men. This shows when Scout says â€Å"He did not do the things our schoolmates’ fathers did: he never went hunting, did not play poker or fish or drink or smoke. He sat in the livingroom and read† (pg 89). Atticus had the courage to take the case of a black man, Tom Robinson. It was obvious they didn’t stand a chance going against a white man in court but Atticus did it anyways. He did something that no other man would do, not for the glory, but because he can show a great example to his kids and it is the right thing to do. The kids learned not to be prejudice and not be ashamed if they have friends who are a different race then they are, for example Calpurnia. The way the children’s relationship changed about Boo is probably the most interesting part in the book. It went from an obsession to an unconditional love. First the children believed that anything that comes from the Radleys property is poison. Jem yells at Scout once saying about the Radley property: â€Å"Dont you know youre not supposed to even touch the trees over there? Youll get killed if you do! † (pg. 33). The kids didn’t know that Boo admired them, even though he barely knew them. After a while they noticed that Boo was giving them little hidden presents, and they realized that he is the one who folded and sewed together Jem’s pants. He showed an unconditional love that most people his age would not show. When Boo saved the children’s lives, he proved that he loved them. He was so kind that he risked his own life for the children, and that is why Scout grows to loved him, instead of being tremendously scared of him. Jem’s faith in truth and justice is very badly damaged. When the shameful courtroom proceedings are over he retreats into a troubled state of deep disillusionment. Prejudice and racism do not make any sense to Jem, because he never noticed it in his environment. He does not understand why all of this is happening. The kids matured a lot during the course of this book, especially Scout. She went from a six year old child with no knowledge of the real world to an about ten year old who had a lot of life’s most important lessons shown to her at a very young age. They had to learn, very quickly, that life would not always be easy, fun and fare. We cannot let children face the ugliness that they learned. It was too much, to fast, even for Scout who is so smart. We must show love to everyone so that children will show love back.

Jazz :: essays research papers

The conceptual idea of humanism has existed since before the years of Christ. Biblical records state that when man was created he was made in the image of God. This image has been passed down throughout the civilizations of Greece ,Egypt, and Roman times and it has been passed down to our civilization of today. The evidence of this is in the art of yesterday and the way we view art of today. The way we view art today is in such a way that we feel and conceptualize what we create. We create things in the image of how we view our life, our civilization, and our status in this civilization. In applying the things stated in the previous thought to the human life the result will be art . Culture is a distinct component of what society is. Culture is in all essence what culture does. The whole purpose of culture is to in a way define a specific race or creed. Culture is what makes us unique and very individual. An example of this is myself and my cousin named Brandon. We are both in the same family and we both have been raised with the same values but what makes us different is the culture we have adopted in our lives to help us define the way we feel about ourselves and the way we feel about society. I feel as if the afro-American race is moving in a progressive manner towards unity and he feels as if the Afro-American race as a whole is moving towards separation by the complexion of their skin. The culture that I have adopted has shaped my views and ideas and the culture he has adopted has shaped his thoughts and ideas. My ideas are not better than his nor are his better than mine ,just different. Civilization is defined as many things but you can only define what is civil for your own civilization. Many people have a definition of what a civilization is but when they make this definition it is by their own standards which is wrong. A civilization is a place or group of people who can defend themselves from enemies, get or create a quantity of food, establish a currency, and develop a trade with others. In America we view life as a sacred and very precious thing . In other countries death is viewed as the

Globalization, Culture and Indigenous Societies Essay

Globalization describe by Richard Wilk is the world wide impact of industrialization and its socioeconomic, political, and cultural consequences on the world, which include migration of labor, increaing spread of industrial technology. Technology is moving at a rapid pace, that when a indivdual purchases a computer of the shelf, the technology is already obsolete. With the advancement of technology, it is causing countries to become modernizied. Such as inda, which was at one point a third world, but is now becoming mecha, for new businesses. But with monderization, comes dependency, such as with the invetion of the car, we have become depenent on oil, such so that we no longer get the majority of our oil from america, but from other countries. Companys the exxion, pay a certain amount of money for this oil, and will sell it to the consumer for 3 or 5 times the amount they paid, knowing the that consumer will pay the price set by the company, thus exploiting the consumer. Companys our now exploiting other countries, like china, they will out source products to be built in china, and charge the chinese worker a wage of lets say 50 cents an hour, instead or the americans work $9. 25 an hour to make the same product. With the rapid expansion of globalization, has change a lot of countries, it has in some cases, destroyed cultures, mainly for the countires resources. With epansion can come cultural change, someimes it is forced, case in point the mbuti tribe. The Mbuti, had been in contact with ousiders for centuries, but chose to retain their tradional way of life. During the colonial peroid, government officials tried to resettle the mbuti. The resettling was a disaster. It isnt the first time a government has tried to move a society of peole, one such case is the native american of north america. The united states put the native amerians on reservation, one such tribe would be the navajo indians. Globalization has had negative impact on a lot of small societys. It has destroyed their culture, their land, the people themselves to some extent. But in bigger societys, it has caused a triving oasis. But the downfalls our dependency. If we were to gradually, incorpate globalization of what bigger societys, in to smaller societys it would allow the intergration of the old and new, to eventually over time, it would evolve into something new. Such inda, and its marriage practices, the man works the women takes care of the home, but there our some women who want to work and take care of the home. Chapter Globalization in latin america, africa and the caribbean Globlization had a major impact in latin amercia in the 1500s. During this time, a man named hernado, cortes a spanierd, help start a rebellion, in the aztec empire. He gave the aztects non native weapons such as guns, to rebel against their ruler, Montezuma. The aztec state quickly crumpled. But it didnt stop their, the spanish wanted more territory, with the help of their native americans, the went to conquer mesoamerica, including Mexico, Honduras, and guatemala as well as parts of norh amercia, such as california. They exploited the people and land, by developing mining, commercial agricuture, and live stock raising and trading. This drastically transformed the sociocultural systems of the the americas. In Africa, societies exploited the country but use of slavery. In Africa this system included slaves who were attached to the extended families and be came part of the domestic social unit and as such could marry, own property and were protected from mutilation and murder.. But in western countries thought of them as property and did not have personal rights, could never be incorporated into the owners domestic family or social system. In the Caribbean islands because they did not have a large agricutrual resource, the colonial powers intrduced commercialized agricutrual usually in the form of sugrar plantations. In some cases, globalization can back fire, is various parts of south america, revolts started happing, and with the migration of various, peoples, south america become intermingled. Religions evolved, as well as devolved. The globalization of africa and south america, drasically change its land scape and its people forever. Many people lost their homes as well as their heritage. The africans lost a country when they were brought to the americas to become slaves. They lost many freedoms.. Chapter 15 Globalization in the middle east and asia. Just as in latin america, africa and the Caribbean, globalization had a negative impact for coutries in the middle east and in asia. With colonization, can dieses, and death. At one point weastern societies, tried to change the religion of many countries in the middle east as well as in various countries in asia. For the most part they did not succeed. Just as in south america, when came to colonization in the middle east and in asia, there came revolution. But some were more peace then others such as mohandas gahdis protests for indias independence from the British. Unlike china’s protests which were more violent, which lead to china forming a communist movement. These revolts and protects, change many countries, thus forming newer countries in the process. When these countries changed, some became very wealth while others became poor, for example, some countries in the middle east, had oil, many others did not. In the middle east, the Islamic tradition and Arab culture influence the patterns of family life and gender. With the globalization of the middle east and asia, came change, but mostly the change was met with revolution and for the most part it was a very violet one. Some countries tried to isolate them selves such as china, from the rest of the outside world. When you have a society that is trying to drastically change another culture it is almost always going to be met with hostility. But what comes out of it, when the dust settles, it could be go or band. But usually the change eventually turns out to be good.

German Economy Essay

One of the major sectors of German economy is the exports of this country that has accounted for a great percentage of financial output. In this regard, more than twenty-five percent of the national German output has been due to the heavy exports that have increased significantly during the last decade. In the year 2004, GDP of Germany was contributed by forestry, mining, and agriculture sector at a very lesser extent, as compared to the other sectors in the country. Despite Germany is going through a high level of industrial revolution, forest has covered more than twenty-five percent of German’s territory. In the year 2003, more than seventy percent of Germany’s gross domestic product was accounted by services sector of the country. In this regard, more than seventy percent of the workforce was employed by this sector. On the other hand, metals, textiles, chemicals, vehicles, foodstuffs, and machinery are major imports of the country, which plays a vital and crucial role in the economy of Germany. In the year 2003, a positive of US$55 billion was the account balance of payments and currency of Germany. The paper will now discuss the abovementioned areas of German economy with detailed analysis, and hope will be beneficial for experts and economists in the better understanding of German Economy. In this competitive era, a number of economies are enjoying a vital position, and Germany is one of the countries that have been able to construct a very important place in terms of its economy. In terms of exchange rate of the United States, the German economy is considered the third largest out of the other major economies of the world. Moreover, the economy of Germany has a very strong power of purchasing, which has resulted in its place as the fifth largest around the globe. In the European continent, the economy of Germany is the largest of all the other economies, which has provided it with a number of opportunities and significance in this economic world. Geographically, Germany enjoys a central place in the continent, which is one of the other reasons behind the significance and exposure of opportunities to the German individuals and businesses. A number of difficulties and confrontations can be observed in the economic history of Germany, such as structural problems related to the East Germany, as well as, different structural problems that have continued since a last decade in the country. (Smyser, 1993) The German government has imposed and implemented a number of policies that have provided significant opportunities for its economy to strengthen in the world. In this regard, one of the major steps taken by the German government is the promotion of establishment of free enterprises, as well as, competition that has provided a competitive and friendly environment to the businesses and individuals in the country. However, various sectors are selected for the distribution of financial support by the state organizations. In the response of such steps taken by the government and related organizations, the economy of Germany has achieved a momentous space in the midst of other economic powers of the globe. In addition, different sectors have achieved strategic importance with the help of different policies by the German government. Thus, a number of factors and reasons are responsible and should be credited for the strengthening and powerful role that has been played by economy of the Germany. One of the major sectors of German economy is the exports of this country that has accounted for a great percentage of financial output. In this regard, more than twenty-five percent of the national German output has been due to the heavy exports that have increased significantly during the last decade. In the result, German economy has expanded traditionally in a macroeconomic manner with the support of heavy exports from different business sectors and industries of the country. Moreover, economic and political incorporation is another basic policy of the German economy, and such policy has been promoted on the continental level in the Europe. In the result, the European Union and its member countries have appreciated and encouraged the introduction and implementation of German economies policies at a higher extent. (Siebert, 2005) Similarly, a number of legislations related to the single markets in the European Union have been established and formulated based on German economic policies. The Euro is the common European currency used by most of the countries in the European continent. In this regard, Germany has implemented the usage of same currency in the country, which has resulted in the exposure of more opportunities related to the strengthened economy of Germany in the region. Frankfurt city in the Germany has the European Central Bank, which is responsible for the formulation of monetary policy of the country, which decides the future prospects for the coming years related to the economy of Germany. (Smith, 1994) Addressing domestic structural problems is another major concern of the German government, which has been agreed and encouraged by most of the German and the foreign experts in the region. In the year 2003, the labor market was deregulated by the gradual steps of German government. In this way, high unemployment rate was tackled in an effective manner. In the West Germany, more than seven percent of fall was observed in the unemployment rate in the country, which was the visible fact of deregulation of the labor market. However, there is still a huge room for improvement in the eastern part of Germany, which has an employment rate of more than fourteen percent in the region. (Scott, 2002) However, the German government is playing a vital role in the addressing of different issues related to the economy of Germany. For instance, high non-wage labor costs have also been addressed by the government with the help of implementation of different policies related to it. Many businesses were burdened due to the imposition of bureaucratic parameters in the past, which was addressed by the present and previous governments during the last decade. Nowadays, it has become quite easy and trouble-free to establish a business in the Germany. New entrepreneurs have been encouraged, especially, in the export sectors of the country. In the result, a major and significant improvement can be observed in the economy of Germany, which is very much export-oriented in nature. (Siebert, 2005) In terms of facts, nine percent of growth was observed in the export year of 2007. In the result, some of the business experts deemed the Germany as the biggest exporter in the world. In the year 2006, more than two percent of growth was observed in the gross domestic product of the country. Moreover, it is estimated that the following years will achieve higher percentage of GDP due to excellent growth in the exports of the country. However, the domestic market of the country is confronting structural problems that can result in some economic issues in the country. Over more than a decade, the labor sector is confronting stagnant wages, which is one of the crucial causes behind the weakness of the domestic market in Germany. In Germany, reunification is financed with the contributions of social insurance companies. Since the 1990s, high wage demands are not observed in unions in the Germany, which has resulted in the conservation of competitiveness among the German workers. Between the years 1990 to 2005, two percent of decline was observed in the net income on an average in Germany, according to the Federal-Statistical Office of the country. However, wage demands from the unions have been raised significantly, as compared with the abovementioned union demands. In the year 2004, GDP of Germany was contributed by forestry, mining, and agriculture sector at a very lesser extent, as compared to the other sectors in the country. Approximately two percent of German population was given employment in the abovementioned sectors. The eastern states of the country have reported to observe a great reduction in the employment rate. After the reunification process, more than seventy percent of workers in the agricultural sector were declined. However, domestic production in the agricultural sector resulted in the fulfillment of more than ninety percent of dietary and food requirements of the country’s population. In the European Union, the agricultural production is being lead by Germany, which has been followed by Italy and France in the European continent. In this regard, wheat, barley, cabbages, and potatoes are some of the major agricultural products in Germany.